Faiqua Sadaf (403648) creator text Lahore (unpublished) 2020 monographic 77 p. ill., ; 30 cm. + CD A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of philosophy in Mathematics. Includes bibliographical references Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Faqir Muhammad Bhatti Thesis (MS)--Riphah International University, 2020 English Mathematics Grid graph Modular grid Matrix ball Spring electrical Spring embedding RICAS FAI 519