00777nam a22001697a 4500040003600000082001600036100002600052245008700078260003500165300003600200500014100236500003900377500004200416502005300458546001200511650008400523  cRiphah International University  a658.15bMUR  aMurtaza Ahmed (23849)  aFirm life cycle and real-activity based earnings management in loss avoiding firms  aIslamabadb(unpublished)c2022  av, 60 p.b: ill.c; 30 cm.e+CD  aSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Finance to the Faculty of Management Sciences  aInclude bibliographical references  aThesis supervisor: Dr. Ajid-ur-Rehman  aThesis(MS)-Riphah International University, 2022  aEnglish  aFinancial managementvEarning managementvEarning targetsvInvestor demandvFMS