TY - BOOK AU - Murtaza Ahmed (23849) TI - Firm life cycle and real-activity based earnings management in loss avoiding firms U1 - 658.15 PY - 2022/// CY - Islamabad PB - (unpublished) KW - Financial management KW - Earning management KW - Earning targets KW - Investor demand KW - FMS N1 - Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Finance to the Faculty of Management Sciences; Include bibliographical references; Thesis supervisor: Dr. Ajid-ur-Rehman; Thesis(MS)-Riphah International University, 2022 ER -